Here is my solution:
At first: remove meta and link from the source code is not part of the joomla filter. it is part of the core. So modify the core is not a solution about problem with later updates.
Second: the third part component sourcer can work but it is a third part solution out of my control for validation and verification. And every additional component needs performance.
So I’m looking for a solution which joomla brings out of the box.
tl;dr
I used custom fields with a layout override.
Here a sample what and why I want to add:
<figure itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject">
<meta itemprop="representativeOfPage" content="true">
<link itemprop="url" href="https://www.usa-reisetipps.net/images/bilder/ein-ausreise/visum-esta-16x9.jpg">
<link itemprop="url" href="https://www.usa-reisetipps.net/images/bilder/ein-ausreise/visum-esta-4x3.jpg">
<link itemprop="url" href="https://www.usa-reisetipps.net/images/bilder/ein-ausreise/visum-esta-1x1.jpg">
<link itemprop="url" href="https://www.usa-reisetipps.net/images/bilder/ein-ausreise/visum-esta.jpg">
<amp-img src="/images/bilder/ein-ausreise/visum-esta.jpg" width="750" height="423" layout="responsive" srcset="/images/bilder/ein-ausreise/visum-esta.jpg 750w, /images/bilder/ein-ausreise/visum-esta-768.jpg 558w, /images/bilder/ein-ausreise/visum-esta-480.jpg 413w" alt="alt text"></amp-img>
<figcaption itemprop="description caption">Caption text.</figcaption>
</figure>
Here are the steps:
- Create a own layout for fields (meta):
In this file I change the line
echo htmlentities($value);
to
echo $value;
to print the meta and not a html version
- I create a custom filed with text (one line add) or textarea (bigger source code) for the snippet:

Important the field shall have:
filter: unfiltered and the selected layout

Add my meta and links:
I added the field to the article with:
{field 2}