There are many templates that provide an option to hide component's output on the home page, and only display content from modules instead.
In the majority of these cases, the home menu item remains the featured articles type - but these are not being displayed - either by the menu item settings, or by the template's code/design.
Menu Item - Module Assignment
One way to identify modules that are assigned on a specific menu item, is to go to that menu item's Module Assignment tab. There you can hide not-assigned and unpublished modules - just to make your life a bit easier when reviewing the modules.
What you will find there, will be all modules that technically are assigned to that menu item (e.g. modules that are assigned to all pages, or on selected pages, or assigned on an excluded pages list).
Go through that list of modules, click to edit each one to see what it does or if it's the content you see on your homepage.
Useful to note that although many modules may seem to be assigned on a
menu item, some of them may still not be displayed on that page,
usually if their module position isn't available for that page.
Module Manager - Filter by Page
Similarly, you could do your search within the Module Manager by filtering by assignments (pages/menu items).
Filter by your home menu item and see what modules are assigned to it. Click each module to see what it does or its content.